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   Pharmaceutics involves preparation (or formulation) of dosage forms and traditionally considered as an art. For this purpose, the pharmacist should apply his knowledge of prescription, monographs, packaging, mathematics, dispensing, pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, patient needs, patient compliance, etc. Hence, preparing acceptable formulations is a science.
   This laboratory manual is intended to first and second year level of B. Pharm students.
   The experiments are divided for convenience into two parts, namely formulations and prescriptions. Formulations part includes discussion on syrups, elixirs, linctuses, solutions, suspensions, liniments, collodions, gargles, and mouthwashes. Prescriptions part consists of powders, emulsions, enemas, effervescent salts, and suppositories including incompatibilities.
     Special emphasis is given for the following:
       • General principles for each type of preparation/prescription
       • Examples for each type, with diagrams, figures, and tables
       • Evaluation tests
       • Appendix as a ready reference
       • Question bank for synopsis and viva voice
       • Model question papers

   How to write the record
   Good laboratory practices

PART-I—FORMULATIONS

Syrups—General Principles
     1. Simple Syrup IP
     2. Orange Syrup BP
     3. Ephedrine HCl Syrup NF
     4. Ferrous Phosphate Syrup IP
Elixirs—General Principles
     5. Piperazine Citrate Elixir IP
     6. Paracetamol Paediatric Elixir BPC
     7. Cascara Elixir BPC
Linctuses—General Principles
     8. Simple Linctus BPC
     9. Paediatric Simple Linctus BPC
Solutions—General Principles
    10. Aqueous Iodine Solution IP
    11. Weak Iodine Solution IP
    12. Strong Iodine Solution IP
    13. Strong Ammonium Acetate Solution IP
    14. Cresol with Soap Solution IP
Suspensions—General Principles
    15. Magnesium Hydroxide Mixture BP
    16. Calamine Lotion IP
Liniments—General Principles
    17. Camphor Liniment IP
    18. Turpentine Liniment IP
    19. Soap Liniment BPC
Collodions—General Principles
    20. Flexible Collodion BP
    21. Salicylic Acid Collodion USP
Gargles—General Principles
    22. Potassium Chlorate and Phenol Gargle BPC
    23. Phenol Gargle BPC
Mouthwashes—General Principles
    24. Compound Sodium Chloride Mouthwash BPC
    25. Zinc Sulphate and Zinc Chloride Mouthwash BPC

PART-II—PRESCRIPTIONS

Powders—General Principles
    26. Eutectic Powder
    27. Explosive Powder
    28. Dusting Powder
Emulsions—General Principles
    29. Cod Liver Oil Emulsion
    30. Castor Oil Emulsion
    31. Liquid Paraffin—Castor Oil Emulsion
Enemas—General Principles
    32. Glycerin Enema
    33. Paraldehyde Enema
Effervescent Salts—General Principles
    34. Sodium Phosphate Effervescent Granules NF
    35. Effervescent Compound Powder BPC
Incompatibility—General Principles
    36. Prescription showing Physical Incompatibility
    37. Alkaloid salts with Salicylates Chemical
          Incompatibility
    38. Oxidation of Iodides with Quinine Sulphate Chemical
         Incompatibility
Suppositories—General Principles
    39. Boric Acid Suppositories
    40. Chloralhydrate Suppositories

APPENDICES
 1. Preparation of some ingredients
 2. Definitions of categories of the
     formulations/prescriptions
 3. Definitions and meanings of some important terms
 4. Formulations/prescriptions with their categories
 5. Apparatus and glassware used in the laboratory
 6. Formulations/prescriptions with their doses
 7. Units, abbreviations, and apparatus used to measure
     the solids and liquids
 8. Synonyms of formulations
 9. Categories with examples and trade names
10. Colouring agents
11. Flavouring agents
12. Sweetening agents
13. Preservatives
14. Vehicles/solvents/co-solvents
15. Scheme of examination
16. Model question papers

       BIBLIOGRAPHY
       SUBJECT INDEX
       Good laboratory practices