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About The Book
The book ‘Biostatistics and Research Methodology’ consists of a blend of statistical techniques and research methodology. This book could be a work-book to the research scholars and practicing researchers. Adequate attention is paid to MS Excel supported statistical package to workout examples. This edition becomes a companion of students and researchers(in pharmacy, nursing, dental, medical, etc.) to attain success in research.
The book consists of 11 chapters, Introduction to Statistics and Biostatistics; Presentation of Data – Graphs; Frequency Distribution and Measures of Central Tendency; Correlation, Regression Analysis and Modeling; Probability Theories and Distributions; Inferential Statistics and Parametric Tests; Nonparametric Statistical Tests; Pharmaceutical Research – Concepts and Methodology Study Designs-Clinical Research; Statistical Computations; and Optimization – DoE – Product Development.
Every chapter starts with the objectives and ends with a summary. Attention is given to include the following.
1. Conceptualization of principles with illustrations, on the lines of concept mapping.
2. Applications of principles,
3. Comment type questions and answers,
4. MCQs and key.
5. Question bank including numerical problems and key.
Content
1. INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS AND BIOSTATISTICS
Nature of Data – Variables and Measurements
Biostatistics
2. PRESENTATION OF DATA - GRAPHS
Column Charts and Bar Charts
Histograms
Pie Charts
Line Graphs
Contour Plots
Response Surface Plots
3. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
Arithmetic Mean
Other Types of Means
Median
Mode
Relationship between 3 Ms
Influence of Distribution on 3 Ms
Measures of Dispersion
4. CORRELATION, REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND MODELING
Correlation Analysis
Curve Fitting
Regression Analysis – Linear and Multiple Linear
Equations
Regression Modeling – Linear Regression
Equation
Linear Regression Model – Hypothesis
Testing
5. PROBABILITY THEORIES AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Theorems on Probability
Probability Distributions
Binomial Distribution of Probability
Poisson Distribution of Probability
Normal (Probability) Distribution
Standard Normal Distribution
6. INFERENTIAL STATISTICS AND PARAMETRIC TESTS
Hypothesis Testing/Test of Significance
Parametric Statistical Tests
Z Test for Significance
Student t Test for Significance
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
7. NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS
Sign Test
Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test
Mann-Whitney U Test
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
Kruskal Wallis Test
Friedman Test
Chi-Square Test
8. PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH – CONCEPTS AND
METHODOLOGY
Research Objectives
Motivation for Research
Significance of Research
Status of Research – Problems
Characteristics of Research
Defining Research Problem – Techniques
Research Process – Steps
Literature – Search and Review
9. STUDY DESIGNS – CLINICAL RESEARCH
Study Designs – Elimination of Bias and Errors
Sample Size Determination and Sampling
Designs
Observational Study Designs
Study Designs – Descriptive Studies
Study Designs - Analytical Observational
Studies
Experimental Designs
Protocol Writing
Phases of Clinical Investigations
Research Report Writing
Plagiarism
10. STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS
Statistical Packages
Statistical Computations – MS Excel
Simple Linear and Multiple Linear Regression
Analysis – Modeling
11. OPTIMIZATION – DOE – PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
General Principles
Mathematical Models and Statistical Tests
Simulation and Search Methods
Parametric Methods of Optimization
Factorial Designs
Blocking and Confounding Systems for Factorial
Designs
Response Surface Methods – Composite and
Central Composite Designs
Appendix I : Statistical Tables
Appendix II : Key to Numerical Problems
Appendix III : Key to MCQs
Appendix IV : Answers to the Comments
Appendix V : Definitions and Meanings
Appendix VI : Glossary of Symbols and Abbreviations
Appendix VII : Bibliography
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